SpringBoot 笔记(十二):数据访问

SpringBoot 笔记(十二):数据访问

1、JDBC

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
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spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

1.默认情况下:

​ 1. 用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源;

​ 2. 数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;

2.自动配置原理:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc包下就是进行自动配置的包:

1、数据库连接池

参考 DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池,可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型

2、创建数据源

SpringBoot默认可以支持:org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource

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/**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {

@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}

}

3、DataSourceInitializer:ApplicationListener

一个监听器,主要用于sql脚本的运行

​ 作用:

​ 1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;

​ 2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;

默认只需要将文件命名为: schema-*.sql 或者 data-*.sql 默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql

当然我们也可以在配置文件中指定,然后就加载指定的sql 脚本,这里是一个 list 也就是脚本可以指定多个。

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schema:
- classpath:department.sql

2、整合Druid数据源

1.配置 yml

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spring.datasource.initialSize:5
spring.datasource.minIdle:5
spring.datasource.maxActive:20
spring.datasource.maxlait:60800
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:60000
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis:300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery:SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle:true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow:false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn:false
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements:true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,‘walL“用于防火墙
spring.datasource.filters:stat,wall,log4j
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize:20
spring.datasource.useGTobalDataSourceStat:true
spring.datasource.connectionProperties:druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowsqlMillis=5e0

上面的配置文件中的数据实际上我们没用上,这里我们需要创建一个 DruidConfig 然后和当前的配置文件绑定。

2.JavaConfig

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@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();

initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");

bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}


//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());

Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");

bean.setInitParameters(initParams);

bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));

return bean;
}
}

3、整合MyBatis

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

1、注解版

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//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {

@Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
public Department getDeptById(Integer id);

@Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);

@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id") //这是为了获取自动增长的id
@Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
public int insertDept(Department department);

@Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
public int updateDept(Department department);
}

2.自定义配置

自定义MyBatis的配置规则,给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;

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@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

@Bean
public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
@Override
public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
}
};
}
}

使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口,这样的话我们就不用在Mapper接口上写 @Mapper 注解了。就属于批量的注解了这些注解。

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@MapperScan(value = "com.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootMybatisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMybatisApplication.class, args);
}
}

3、配置文件版

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mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置

更多使用参照 http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/

4、整合SpringData JPA

1)、SpringData简介

2)、整合SpringData JPA

JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);

1)、编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;

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//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user;
public class User {

@Id //这是一个主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
private Integer id;

@Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
private String email;

2)、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)

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//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

3)、基本的配置JpaProperties

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spring:  
jpa:
hibernate:
# 更新或者创建数据表结构
ddl-auto: update
# 控制台显示SQL
show-sql: true

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